Service dogs perform vital tasks within the system of national security and civil protection. They are used for guarding, patrolling, detecting narcotics and explosives, as well as for assisting in the aftermath of emergencies. Unlike household pets, such dogs experience increased physical exertion, and therefore proper, well-balanced nutrition is a key factor in maintaining their performance and health.
The diet of service dogs must meet their physiological needs. Energy balance depends on body weight, age, housing conditions, and activity level. For example, during moderate work, energy expenditure increases by approximately 30%, and in winter — by an additional 15% compared to summer.
Special attention should be given to the content of essential nutrients. Animal proteins (meat, fish, eggs, dairy products) are necessary for maintaining muscle mass and should make up 60–80% of the protein portion of the diet. Excess protein is undesirable, as it may overload the liver and kidneys. Fats provide up to 20% of caloric intake and promote the absorption of vitamins, while carbohydrates (in the form of sugars, starch, and fiber) account for up to 70% of total energy value. Minerals, comprising 2–3% of the dry matter of the feed, regulate metabolism; however, excessive table salt intake can be harmful to the animal’s health.
